As dry conditions continue to grip parts of the country, the National Department of Health (NDoH) is urging the public to take precautions against dehydration, respiratory illnesses and waterborne diseases, warning that prolonged dry weather and dwindling water supplies could pose serious health risks if preventive measures are not followed.

Deputy Secretary for Public Health Ken Wai said scientists had warned of an extended dry period that could result in water shortages, dusty conditions and increased health risks for communities.

"We have this long dry season coming up, and scientists are warning us that there is an El Nino event occurring," Wai said.

"As water sources begin to dry up, there will be more dust in the atmosphere, which can increase the risk of respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia."

Wai encouraged parents to ensure children limit outdoor activities in dusty conditions and to consider wearing face masks when necessary to reduce exposure.

"Children should avoid playing in dusty areas because dust can cause pneumonia," he said.

"Where possible, wear a mask and stay away from dusty environments."

The Health Department also warned that prolonged exposure to hot weather could lead to dehydration, particularly among children, older people, and those working outdoors.

Wai advised the public to drink plenty of fluids and avoid strenuous outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day.

"If you need to be outside, do so early in the morning or later in the afternoon," he said.

"Avoid being outdoors under the hot sun during the middle of the day because the risk of dehydration is high."

With many communities expected to experience reduced water supplies, Wai urged people to ensure drinking water is safe before consumption.

"If your normal water source has dried up and you are collecting water elsewhere, make sure you boil it first, allow it to cool and then drink it," he said.

"Do not drink untreated water because it can lead to diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid fever and other waterborne diseases."

He also reminded the public to wash their hands before handling food to help prevent the spread of illness.

Wai said the NDoH was preparing for the anticipated health impacts of the dry season but stressed that prevention remained the most effective way to reduce illness.

"Prevention is better than cure," he said.

"We are preparing for these conditions, but the public also has an important role to play by protecting themselves from dust, drinking safe water, staying hydrated and practising good hygiene."

He further urged communities to take extra care with open fires during the dry season to reduce the risk of bushfires and house fires.

The Department of Health is encouraging all Papua New Guineans to remain vigilant throughout the dry season and to seek medical attention if they experience symptoms of dehydration, respiratory illness or severe diarrhea.